The Adoption of Ais - 1759 Words

The adoption of cloud based accounting information system in business I. Introduction Accounting information system is playing an important role in the business operation, and the cloud computing has a great impact on the revolution of accounting information system. This research paper aims to discuss the new trend of cloud based accounting information system in business. The whole text is divided into three parts: First part gives an overview of the cloud computing and accounting information system; second part analyses the benefits and challenges of the accounting information systems move to the cloud; and third part gives the recommendations on key success factors of the adoption. II. Cloud-based accounting information system†¦show more content†¦There are basically three service models: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and four deployment models: Public cloud, Private cloud, Hybrid cloud and Community cloud. (Mell and Grance, 2011). ii. Accounting information system (AIS) Accounting information system is often described as â€Å"the combination of two terms- Accounting amp; Information System, whose major function is to collect, financial data, process it amp; provide financial information to the external amp; internal users† (Salehi et al. 2014, pp. 186). In essence, accounting information system is not necessarily a computerized system, it can be merely a simple manual system using pen and paper. However, with the rapid development of cloud computing, it has an increasingly significant impact on the revolution of accounting information system. iii. Adoption of cloud based accounting information system on the market On the Australian market, MYOB and QuickBooks have been the dominant accounting software providers for the past 25 years. However, cloud computing opens up possibilities for new software to enter into market. Xero and Saasu are the examples of those strong contenders in this area. (Ambrosiussen Accountants amp; Advisors, 2014) According to a research study conducted by CCH Australia in 2013 nationwide, fourteen per cent of small and medium enterprises are using a cloudShow MoreRelatedThe Adoption Of Cloud AIS1734 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The adoption of cloud based accounting information system in business I. Introduction Accounting information system is playing an important role in the business operation, and the cloud computing has a great impact on the revolution of accounting information system. This research paper aims to discuss the new trend of cloud based accounting information system in business. The whole text is divided into three parts: First part gives an overview of the cloud computing and accounting information system;Read MoreA Synopsis Of Cloud Computing1307 Words   |  6 Pagesself-service: We do not need human interaction if we need any service all can be done electronically. 5. Broad network access: The cloud computing services can be accessed from laptops, mobile phones or PDAs. These days there are many cloud based AIS systems such as XERO, Fresh Books, MYOB, QuickBooks etc. Challenges and Benefits The business world is constantly evolving because of ever changing technology, which makes organizations to adapt new systems timely. The recent wonder of the digitalRead MoreApplication Of Accounting Information Systems Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom their technical power. The vendors have moved from desktop systems to cloud accounting, and it has led to a challenge of selection and implementation to customers and users. This paper offers a synthesis of literature on AIS in Australia, its history, development, and adoption, analysis of the current market size and how the leaders in the market have managed to carve out their competitive advantage. There are also gaps in the sector, in particular for customers. Hence the paper also provides recommendationsRead MoreCloud Based Accounting Information System1715 Words   |  7 Pagesbased accounting information system (AIS) to handle their business. It helps them accomplish their business goals faster and better. In this research paper, it will firstly explain what the cloud computing is and its functions. Then it will introduce FreshBooks-an cloud accounting software. Thirdly, it will analysis the challenges and benefits of cloud based AIS in detail. And lastly, it will give some recommendations of success factors for cloud based AIS adoption through some real and success factsRead MoreCloud Computing : A Modern Day Technological Innovation1621 Words   |  7 PagesUninterrupted access, secured backup and consistency act as an added incentive to shift. Some of the in-demand cloud based Accounting Information Systems are: a) Quick Books Online b) Xero Accounting c) MYOB d) Saasu e) Reckon One Concerns about Cloud Based AIS Implementation In spite of the growing popularity of cloud based information systems, it still needs to cross considerable hurdles before it achieves absolute success. Some of the challenges faced by such an implementation are: - Data Protection: ProvidingRead MoreA Research Report On Cloud Computing1432 Words   |  6 Pagesit. In this research report a brief overview of cloud computing is conducted. The benefits and challenges of deploying an accounting information system is discussed, and at the end there are some recommendations of success factors for adoption of a cloud based AIS. Overview of Cloud Computing The world is moving from manufacturing to more service-oriented day after a day. According to a survey of the U.S. economy conducted in 2010, 15% of the U.S. economy is driven by manufacturing, 5% in agricultureRead MoreTechnology Advantages And Disadvantages774 Words   |  4 Pageswith, for example, self-service portals. Further developments in automation, including software robots, have added a sixth point (Willcocks, Lacity, Craig, 2015). Only in the last three years has automation reached a new phase of maturity. The adoption by employers was originally driven by the need to reduce the errors which in turn reduces the costs associated with employing people to work in an organization and perform repetitive, rule based and mundane IT-related tasks. The simple idea is thatRead MoreThe Ethics Of Sarbanes Oxley Act1667 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was created to monitor the work of public accountants. Among SOX and the PCAOB, accounting information system (AIS) is a system to automate information and assess internal controls by management. In order to maintain risk assessment, correlation between SOX and the PCAOB and AIS is positively determined. â€Æ' Due to occurrence of scandals from major public traded companies, regulators and other stakeholders were called for improvements regardingRead MoreBusiness Project Proposal888 Words   |  4 Pagesloyalty. Notwithstanding, it will also contribute to cost reductions associated with customer support and loan adjudication; thus, the required investment can be partially offset by cost reductions in these activities. AI Technology Selection and Technical Requirements The AI technologies that should be integrated are as follows: 1. Machine learning: to analyze vast amounts of data and provide insights 2. Natural language processing and generation: both for customer interaction (chatbots) and toRead MoreThe Business Environment At Canadian Shield Insurance1510 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence in the area of IT not only at Canadian Shield, but at Assurance Centrale and all of its divisions. The success or failure of a new system will rely heavily on his analysis and suggestions. Seamus is hesitant in proposing consideration of the AIS for several reasons, including fear of damaging his career and of what it would do to the attitude of his IS team. Assurance Centrale and all its divisions need to be able to communicate in an environment that supports raising concerns and suggestions

Compare and Contrast 2 Objects - 1343 Words

After looking at the vast antique collection found in the Sir John Soanes’s Museum, London, I was able to identify with 2 objects that I felt had the most interest to me. Found in the Colonnade and Dome room, I will compare and contrast the statue of Apollo Belvedere, a Greek god originally made from bronze and discovered in Rome in the late 15th century. The second is a statue of the Ephesian Diana, an Egyptian sculpture derived of marble. There are a number of statues replicating the pagan goddess, Artemis from Ephesus and can be found dating back to the first and second centuries AD. The one depicted above from the Soane museum dates back to 2nd century AD, and the head turreted crown indicates this. The Ephesian Diana is said to be†¦show more content†¦Apollo is a classical sculpture, of the renaissance period. Being naturalistic it exhibits all areas of the body: muscular arms, legs torso, and pubic region. Many copies of Apollo are completely nude, however Saone’s version does show Apollo with a coy fig leaf covering his genitals. Male Greek figures of this time tended to be represented nude, this however, was uncommon during periods of ancient Egyptian art, as only people of low status would appear naked and female nudity didn’t appear to a lot later. Diana you will notice is clothed. Classical art is generally associated with white marble however as with 70% of the antiques within the gallery, Soane’s version of Apollo is a cast replica. The Ephesian Diana herself is made entirely from pentallic marble, you will notice some, such as the statue in Saone’s gallery to have dark hands, face and feet which are made from black marble. Dark colours were very common to Egyptian sculpture to signify royalty. Most sculptures made within the classical period were to show appreciation for the gods. One way to achieve this was by size and quality. Apollo stands tall with a strong sense of prominence. Height was ideal as many sculptures were displayed in temple spaces or places where sculptures could be worshipped or idealized. Each and every muscle in Apollo is clearly defined,Show MoreRelatedExplain Some Of The Benefits A Student May Gain By Studying Philosophy1159 Words   |  5 Pagesconsideration all the factors that make an evaluation precise. This is useful because one must have the capacity to analyze situations and develop a solution in the tribulations of life. Hence, studying philosophy is beneficial regardless of major. 2. Explain the Socratic Method of Teaching. Is this a useful way for students to learn? The Socratic Method of Teaching develops critical thinking. It involves examination, analysis, evaluation, and a combination of thoughts and ideas. This is with theRead More1.E xplain Some Of The Benefits A Student May Gain By Studying1290 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy of philosophy displays different ways to think, reason, and evaluate ideas that may be unknown to someone who has no knowledge of philosophy. Philosophy is everywhere in the world around us so, it would be wise not to be ignorant towards it. 2. Explain the Socratic Method of Teaching. Is this a useful way for students to learn? The Socratic Method is one of the oldest and powerful methods of teaching. The method develops critical thinking and involves giving students questions but not answersRead MoreRhetorical Modes Matrix883 Words   |  4 PagesComplete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least 2 tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. Rhetorical Mode Purpose Explain when or why each rhetorical mode is used. 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Describe each of the following directions of information flow – †¨horizontal, vertical, incoming/outgoing. 3. Describe each of the steps presented in the slide From ProblemsRead MoreSocial Judgement Theory932 Words   |  4 Pagesperception and evaluation of an idea by comparing it with current attitudes. According to this theory, an individual weighs every new idea, comparing it with the individuals present point of view to determine where it should be placed on the attitude scale[2]  in an individuals mind. SJT is the subconscious sorting out of ideas that occurs at the instant of perception. Social judgment theory arose from  Egon Brunswiks  probabilistic  functionalist  psychology and his lens model, which are socio-psychologicalRead MoreEssays994 Words   |  4 Pagesspatially but can be chronological or emphatic as well. The focus of a description is the scene. 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This lab detailsRead MoreBenefits A Student May Gain By Studying Philosophy Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pageshow people perceive the world, their actions and what they say. Most importantly, philosophy students tend to think clearly and critically, to reason carefully which leads them to gain the value of open-mindedness and seeking solutions to problems. 2. Explain the Socratic Method of Teaching. Is this a useful way for students to learn? The Socratic Method of Teaching is one of the oldest methods of teaching. It is an argumentative dialogue between a teacher and his/her students where the teacher asks

Leadership of Hungry Jack Organization-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the People Culture Contemporary Leadership. Answer: Introduction The Human resource department form one of the most important departments in an organisation as it takes care of the people who are responsible of the daily operations of the business. The role of the HR department in brief is to ensure the safety and health of the people associated with the company, recruitment and maintaining a work friendly environment in the organisation as well as deal with the issues and grievances of the employees of the company. It is also one of the duties of the HR department to ensure that the people who are associated with the company have a scope of career development as well. Therefore, broadly the role can be divided in three sections: staffing, employee compensation and benefits, and defining/designing work. In this assignment the organisation that is going to be analyzed is Hungry Jacks. The assignment will address a company overview followed by the HR practices that are adopted by the company. Company overview Hungry Jack's is iconic in Australia, over the years of establishment the company has been through a lot of changes in the management and corporate divisions but then established in 1971, the organisation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Burger King Australia (Hungryjacks.com.au 2018). The owner of the organisation is Jack Cowin. Hungry Jack's owns and operates or sub-licenses all of the Burger King as well as Hungry Jack's restaurants in Australia. Burger King wanted to expand their operations in Australia and the company did it with aligning the company with a local organisation (Hungryjacks.com.au 2018). There are almost 390 stores in Australia; the focus of the company is in the quality of the product Hungry Jacks has over 16,500 employees in the current status (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). The company is associated with several games and activities of the community which indicates that they have a triple bottom line business model, where only financial aspect of the company is not the sole objective of the management. The aim of the organisation is to cater to the requirements of the target market and adapt to the changes in the industry accordingly. The objectives of the company are: To create a valuable relationship with the customers in order to ensure a loyalty To build a sustainable future To ensure that the company expands the operations further To be able to meet the changing needs of the customers (Hungryjacks.com.au 2018) As a franchise, the company strives to maintain the quality of the burgers that they serve their customers in order to conform uniformity and uphold the motto of the company; The burgers are better at Hungry Jack's. The organisation is a major employer in Australia, they are known for employing people who are young especially looking for a job to sustain their studies and pocket money. The company spends around $250 million in salaries and wages which is why it can be said that the company has a significant impact on the economy of Australia as well (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). The company follows six values: guest-led; meritocratic; empowered; accountable; teamwork; and fun (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). In April 2011, the company was under the radar for underpaying almost 700 employees and the company was imposed with a penalty. Another accusation was admitted by Hungry Jacks is that they had failed to keep a track and proper record of the employees present as well as past (Fairwork.gov.au 2011). Identification and discussion of the organisations HR strategy One of the major strategies of HR is to hire young people in order to engage better with the target market as people from 16-25 make up the primary target market of the organisation (Nankervis et al 2002). Apart from that this strategy is also driven by the fact that the company wants to provide young people, without experience an opportunity to understand the industry and develop positivity form the youngsters. There is a significant amount of employees in the company who are under 18 years (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). Training is an important part of the HR strategy, the employees are trained to communicate, understand and comprehend with the customers, not only that they are also trained to deal with several issues and grievances that the customers come up with (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). When the company comes up with a new store depending upon the strength of the location around 35-50 people are appointed to serve the customers of the new restaurant. Before opening these people are trained to improve their skills in order to make the process of operation smooth and efficient (Nankervis et al 2002). The salaries and the wages of each branch is kept uniform, in order to deal with crisis situations like the one that has been stated above. The locations of the branch do not make a difference. Approximately $600,000 is offered to each restaurant on a yearly basis. The amount on the other hand also adds to the local economy as well (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). Following the first strategy that has been discussed this is another unique HR practices that is followed by the company. More than 90 percent of the total population of the employees work on a part time basis while enjoying all the facilities of job security along with the flexibility of work time, the company believes that this allows the employees to have a work-life balance as it is essential for the employees interest to align with the objectives of the company (Nankervis et al 2002). Only 5 percent employees in the company are full-time involved with the operations of the business where as approximately 2 percent are casual employees (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). The organisation also employees people with special abilities as they want to offer everyone a fair share of chance and to establish as equal opportunity employer. The HR department works closely with the work with the employment and placement centers in the localities of operations in order to train and employee such people (Thehungryjacksway.com.au 2018). Evaluation of the existing HR practices The company views it as a responsibility to offer such a platform for young people to join an organisation as well as continue with other important things in life as well. The HR management of Hungry Jacks understands the responsibility of teaching young people work ethics and skills which are necessary in their career (Nankervis et al 2002). This is a part of the companys Triple bottom line model as well which states that the company not only focuses on the finances of the organisation but also identifies the duties and the responsibilities that they has as a corporate towards the well-being of the society as well as the Environment (Nankervis et al. 2013). One of the drawbacks of the part-time and the young people policy is that this strategy leads to low employee retention rate (Nankervis et al. 2013). Mostly people work with the company for a couple of months and then they leave, for young people being first time exposed to work culture may be also difficult to adapt which can be the reason for low attrition. With the HR practices like employing people with physical disabilities and understanding the needs and requirements of the employees the company has created goodwill in the industry, which not only resonate the quality of the product and services that they offer but also showcase the values and principles that the organisation follow (Nankervis et al. 2013). Overview of the current state of employee engagement As Meritocracy and empowerment are some of the major part of the values that the company follows, the emplacement engagement policies of the company is also base on this value (Menguc et al. 2013). Therefore, the company offers several opportunities to the employees to learn and grow with their Employee Foundation, which is a charitable trust that supports and helps the employees of the organisation in need. Young Endeavour Program, is a scholarship that the company has launched as a gesture to thank the employees for their commitment and contribution towards the growth and expansion of the business. The company also has training program and management courses for all the employees (Anitha 2014). Structured plan of initiatives Because fun is a also a part of the values of the company, the HR department should introduce some fun activities for the employees, considering the average age of most of the employees are less than 20 (Tims et al. 2013). According to the JD-R (Job Demand and resources) Model coined by Arnold Bakker and Evangelia Demerouti, state that when the job demands are soaring and job positives or resources is small stress is inevitable. One the other hand if the resources are also at par with the demands then it can translate in to engagement and motivation (Bakker and Demerouti 2014). The companies also have the opportunity to deal with some of the common environmental issue, with the help of the employees. More and more organisations are engaging their employees in their CSR activities this improves the motivational rate among the employees and makes them being part of community (Truss et al. 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded that Hungry Jacks has a hierarchal organisation structure which makes it easy for the employees to operate as they have a supervisor or a manager who directs the employees to strive towards achieving the objectives of the company. Hungry jacks is known for their quality and timeliness of their service, the HR department of the company is not only focused on hiring people but also ensuring the people working for the organisation get opportunity and scope to develop their career with the company Reference list: Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International journal of productivity and performance management, 63(3), p.308. Bakker, A.B. and Demerouti, E., 2014. Job demandsresources theory. Wellbeing. Fairwork.gov.au. 2011. Hungry Jacks fined for underpaying almost 700 staff over $665,000. [online] fairwork.gov.au. Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/news-and-media-releases/2011-media-releases/april-2011/20110413-hungry-jacks-court-court-penalty [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Hungryjacks.com.au., 2018. About US. [online] hungryjacks.com.au. Available at: https://www.hungryjacks.com.au/about-us [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Menguc, B., Auh, S., Fisher, M. and Haddad, A., 2013. To be engaged or not to be engaged: The antecedents and consequences of service employee engagement. Journal of business research, 66(11), pp.2163-2170. Nankervis, A.R., Baird, M., Coffey, J. and Shields, J., 2013. Human resource management: strategy and practice. Nankervis, A.R., Compton, R.L. and Baird, M., 2002. Strategic human resource management. Thehungryjacksway.com.au., 2018. People. [online] thehungryjacksway.com.au. Available at: https://thehungryjacksway.com.au/people/hungry-jacks-is-a-major-australian-employer-were-proud-to-give-so-many-young-australians-a-leg-up-by-employing-them-in-their-first-ever-jobs/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Tims, M., Bakker, A.B. and Derks, D., 2013. The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of occupational health psychology, 18(2), p.230. Truss, C., Shantz, A., Soane, E., Alfes, K. and Delbridge, R., 2013. Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory.

The importance of computer and internet in childrens study free essay sample

Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important for child’s education than going to school. But others believe that school teachers are essential for children to learn effectively. Discuss both views and give your opinion. No one can deny the importance of computers and the Internet for children during their study progress. Although these means bring to users a large number of advantages, I believe that learning at school and interacting with teachers are much more vital for children’s learning. It is true that students can get a variety of benefits from using effective computers and the Internet. To begin with, the Internet is the endless sources of knowledge including all areas, namely science, literature, math, etc. With only some simple movements, users can easily get all the needed information and use time to full potential. In addition to this, the Internet is the global forum for all of people around the world sharing thoughts, exchanging ideas and gaining experience from others. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of computer and internet in childrens study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Starting with one question, users can get lots of answers which can be accurate or not. Despite the above arguments, I still stand on the belief that teachers are much more essential than computers or the Internet for the promotion in study of a child. The first issue is that teachers are able to not only give them the vast of knowledge but also direct them how to face difficulties and to become good citizens. Another point is that lecturers in schools always observe clearly their students’ learning process so that learners can handle problems with the assistance of their teachers. Finally, teachers often give only one exact answer for such a question, which is different from the numerous equivocal responses we could get on the Internet. To sum up, a computer equipped with the Internet is one of the greatest inventions for human beings in discovering this amazing world. However, it cannot take place the importance of school teachers to children. This is the reason why we still keep going to classes for learning and just use computers as an effective device.

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Hinduism and Buddhism

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Hinduism and Buddhism From egotism, force, pride,// Desire, wrath, and possession// Freed, unselfish, calmed,// He is fit for becoming Brahman (Bhagavad Gita XVIII.53). Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the worlds greatest and most influential religions. Both of these religions arose in South Asia, and thus stem from a similar philosophy and culture. While contrasting greatly with the monotheistic religions of the West, Hinduism and Buddhism also contrast greatly with each other. Although similar in respect to general philosophy, Hinduism and Buddhism differ greatly on matters of social structure. The two religions also contrast because Hinduism omits and Buddhism emphasizes individual freedom to progress spiritually and socially in the current life. By comparing the two religions, one can easily see why it is that Hinduism has proved the more stable and Buddhism the more humanitarian philosophy. Both Hinduism and Buddhism are more philosophical than religious. Both describe an all-encompassing philosophy and define existence itself. For instance, the essential Hindu concept defining the individual and his responsibilities is dharma. A convoluted term, dharma is a sense of obligation. One must fulfill his roles in society and the world. Such responsibilities include reproduction and caste duties, but extend into the philosophical realm of peaceful and humble acceptance of ones position. Dharma defines correct living for a Hindu. Buddhism has a similar concept, dhamma (note even the linguistic similarity). Dhamma does not imply specific biological or social obligations, but maintains a comparable philosophical construct. The Buddhist definition of right conduct and personal obligation, dhamma is the path which must be taken to escape the suffering of worldly life. Other similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism are more apparent. Both religions maintain a broad perspective of religious worship. Hinduism is polytheistic while Buddhism maintains no structured belief in an independent, sentient god-like entity (especially in human form). Either of these concepts yields a malleable religion which can adjust and conform to local tradition and fluctuations in intellectual and spiritual thought. Both religions believe in a system of reincarnation, and both religions emphasize the community over the self. The major rift between the two religions seems to stem from the role of social structure in the two religions. Hinduisms caste system perpetuates a fatalism and apathy toward social rights and advancement while reinforcing the ruling establishment. Buddhism concentrates on the individuals release from suffering, implying no overriding social definition. The outstanding example of Hinduisms establishment tendencies is the caste system. The caste system divides the Hindu people into four major classes, Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, and untouchables, or people outside of all the classes. Members of certain castes have certain duties. Caste is determined by birth, allowing no social advancement, career choice, or individual freedom. The castes are socially ranked, forming an upper social division as well as lower ones. Caste, then, determines ones profession, ones potential education, ones social position, even defining these limitations for your children. These social limitations are reinforced by the concept that caste is determined by sins or virtues in a previous life: how well one fulfilled his dharma in the past. The responsibilities of ones current caste also constitute the dharma which will further advance or punish one in your next life. In other words, exceeding ones dharma in not only unnecessary, but in all probab ility will hurt your dharma, causing you to fall into a lower caste in your next life. This intertwining of social strata with religion creates a fatalism derived from inevitable destiny, guilt complexes of past life caste determination, a philosophy of acceptance, and fear of punishment for transcending ones dharma. In this light, Hinduism becomes a tremendous force for stagnation, eliminating the initiative for progress in a philosophy of acceptance which breeds an apathy for social justice. Such a pervasive philosophy becomes an asset to the status quo and ruling stratum, stabilizing the social structure at the expense of individuals. Buddhism, on the other hand, plays little role in the social or political structure of a society. Buddhism actually began as a reaction to the violence of Hindu society, including the brutality of the caste system. Buddhism concentrates not on the society, but on the individual, thus divorcing religion from the interests of the ruling stratum. The pessimism of Hindu reincarnation is replaced by a more optimistic and less fatalistic cycle. One is no longer born into a position due to past inequities. Although Buddhism does see life as pain and suffering and reincarnation as a renewal of this suffering, there is a potential escape. If one renounces his attachment to desire and self, Nirvana, or escape from the cycles of suffering, is possible. The most important aspect of Nirvana, however, is its unrestricted access to people of any social background. In other words, although a Hindu untouchable cannot possibly advance in this life through any extraordinary effort of his own, any Buddh ist can achieve Nirvana through the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, realizations of the essence of suffering and the methods to remove all suffering. Buddhism also seems to be less ritualistic and deity-dependent than Hinduism. Cultures across the world have created man-shaped gods to emphasize the dignity and purpose of human existence. In my opinion, this shows an emotional dependency which flaws a religious philosophy. If a religion is created to emotionally satisfy its followers, it seems to contain less truth or philosophical rightness. I believe this is the case with Hinduism. While Hinduism has man shaped gods to emphasize human dignity, Buddhism manages to instill a respect for humanity through the intellectual and spiritual capacity of man. This is evidenced by the supreme respect Buddhist have for those who achieve Nirvana, quasi-deifying these men, recognizing their superhuman wisdom and spirit while refusing to attribute them supernatural properties. The lack of an artificial diety to instill purpose in a religions followers makes Buddhism significantly different, and more advanced, than Hinduism. An especially important indicator of the contrast between Hinduism and Buddhism arises in their historical relationship. Buddhism, of course, arose as a reform movement out of Hinduism. This in itself tends to put Buddhism in a more positive light as the religion that integrated Hindu beliefs while excluding the most negative aspects of Hinduism. This turns out to be the case when the caste system is examined. While Hinduism not only perpetuates, but is itself the caste system, Buddhism utterly rejects any system of caste. Buddhism actually reached high levels of support during the rule of Ashoka, who adopted the Buddhist concept of ahimsa, or non violence, and its tendency toward greater equality. The attractiveness of a philosophy/religion of peace and general freedom, including a rejection of the social stigmas of caste for untouchables and lower caste members, brought thousands of converts. Again, however, the historical relationship of Hinduism and Buddhism shows the inherent ma lleability and strength of Hinduism. In order to integrate the Buddhist movement into Hinduism, the Buddha was made an avatar of Vishnu. Now even if one claimed to be a Buddhist, one could easily be dismissed as a Hindu. By erasing the demarcation between the two religions, Hinduism managed to absorb the Buddhist movement. This result shows the power of a religion so closely tied to the social structure. Because Hinduism pervaded the very fabric of society, it was able to stifle and absorb threatening philosophies. Buddhism, on the other hand, has no interest in the structural model of a society to effect similar results. Between Hinduism and Buddhism, I believe that Buddhism is more positive religion. The myths and history of Hinduism create a field of immensely greater interest than that of Buddhism. The culture of Hinduism also seems more captivating, although this is only by virtue of its distinct difference with Western class systems. Despite the draw Hinduism holds upon outsiders, Buddhism remains the more advanced religion. Whereas Hinduism represses others through caste, Buddhism projects ultimate acceptance. Both religions maintain an emphasis upon the community and a rejection of selfishness that is refreshingly different from Western religions. Although both of these religions instill respect and a genuine concern for others, Hinduism does so in a forced, repressive manner while Buddhism is more liberal. The relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism is much the same as between Catholicism and Protestantism. One can equate Catholicism with Hinduism and Protestantism with Buddhism. Protestantism grew as a reform movement out of Catholicism. The corruption, immorality, and restrictive power structure of the Catholic Church became so intolerable that Protestantism, a religion emphasizing the individuals personal relationship with the deity, was created. Protestantism offered more freedom and dignity to the people than did Catholicism. Although the religions are vastly different, Buddhism also grew out of the corruption, immorality, and restrictive power structure of Hinduism to give the people more freedom and dignity. Unfortunately, the comparison stops here since the philosophy of Protestantism did not support a selfless, dignified religion, while the very essence of Buddhism supports a selfless and dignified view of humanity. This again results from Buddhisms deemphasis on social ord er. Hinduism and Buddhism are very similar religions in comparison to the monotheistic religions of the West. On a direct comparison, however, the differences between Buddhism and Hinduism are great. Although the general tendencies of both religions lean toward the family and community, Hinduism does so at the expense of women and the lower castes while Buddhism remains more universally accepting. Both religions seem to have elements which would do the West good to learn, but only Buddhism lacks any large scale negative repercussions for its followers. On the basis of these criteria, Buddhism seems to have more positive character as a general life philosophy.

DEFINITE FINAL Titanicfinal Essay

DEFINITE FINAL Titanicfinal Essay DEFINITE FINAL Titanicfinal Essay TITANIC THE CLASSES: HOPES AND DREAMS LOST AT SEA The RMS Titanic was the greatest, most luxurious ship of its time. The ship was proclaimed â€Å"unsinkable† as God himself could not sink her.1 She was known as the â€Å"ship of dreams.†2 The passengers of the Titanic were so excited and proud to be sailing on such a great ship. They felt their dreams were finally coming true because they had managed to get a ticket on the greatest ship of its time, and were sailing to America where all their hopes of a new and better life would be. Just being on this magnificent ship would be the adventure of a lifetime. On April 10, 1912, a total of 2,222 people boarded the Titanic. The list of those aboard the Titanic included 325 in First Class, 285 in Second Class, 706 in Third Class, and 885 crew members.3 First Class included the wealthiest, most important members of the upper class. Most of them were â€Å"businessmen, politicians, high-ranking military personnel, industrialists, bankers and professional athletes.†4 How much they paid for their ticket depended on the size of their cabins.5 The cost of the cabins were approximately $2,500 dollars, and the most expensive rooms being around $103,000, but only the upper class could buy a First Class ticket. The First Class passengers were the passengers sailing for the â€Å"thrill of adventure†,6 and something that would make them seem important to others when they talked about it. First Class was total luxury with private dining rooms, reception room, restaurant, lounge, reading and writing room, smoking room, turkish baths, gyms, and squash courts. The grand staircase was the best feature of the ship. It was built through seven decks of the ship and had a dome glass top that showed natural light. The staircase le d the way to the entrance halls like the First Class Reception Room7, the main meeting area for First Class. It was a very lavish way for those who wanted â€Å"to make an entrance.†8 The Titanic was built with the wealthy in mind. They were told it had the modern luxuries of a floating hotel. However, as they explored, they discovered luxuries not even known in palaces.9 Dining in First Class was also very luxurious. The expensive china was placed neatly on each table, while stewards waited on their every need and served them from a great menu. First Class aboard the Titanic was nothing more than pure luxury. Second Class was the smallest group on the Titanic and was often referred to as the â€Å"leisure class.†10 A ticket in Second Class was approximately $60.00.11 The Second Class passengers were working people like professors, authors, clergymen and tourist. Many of these passengers were going to America for new jobs. Others were planning on making the return voyage on the Titanic. Second Class had their own dining room with less expensive china and music to entertain them. The cabins had either two or four beds, and were like the standard rooms in First Class but not as big or luxurious. Many Second Class passengers shared rooms to keep the cost low.12 The library was used by both men and women and also as a â€Å"tea room.† There was even an elevator which was unheard of for second class passengers. Second Class may not have been as luxurious at First Class, but the Second Class passengers where just as happy to be on this magnificent ship to begin their new dreams. Third Class was the most interesting group. The ticket cost for this class was between $15.00 - $40.00. Tickets for Third Class could be purchased for individuals as well as for families which made it even cheaper. This group was mainly families immigrating to the United States from Sweden, Ireland, Belgium and England. Many of them sold everything they had to get tickets aboard the Titanic.13 Their accommodations were not luxurious, but were better than on most ships. There were cabins that slept two to ten

Management of ChangePrepare a report for the senior management of an Essay

Management of ChangePrepare a report for the senior management of an organisation of your choice identifying an agenda for a management of change programme - Essay Example The role of a leader and communication will be taken into account to reduce resistance to change and speed the process of change. Prescription for change High rates of its development, great volumes of currency receipts have an active influence on various sectors of economy that promotes formation of hotel industry. The most well known Hotel chains are Hilton, Radisson, Sheraton, Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn and Ramada, Concord, and Ritz. The development of hotel industry is a current need. The history of development of various hotel corporations, as a rule, testifies, that the level of profit is a result of quality service. The main objective of hospitality operator is to maintain the level of service quality and develop strategies to improve their services. The organization under analysis is Hilton hotel chain. It should be noted that hotels and environments have a two-way reciprocal relationship. On the one hand, hotels are open to, and dependent upon, the social and physical environment that surrounds them. Hotels need financial resources and political legitimacy (a set of laws by which to operate) provided by outside institutions and governments (Hayes, Ninmeier, 2003). Customers are significant members of the environment. And knowledge and technology are also a part of the environment: they are produced by other actors in the environment and purchased by the organization as educated labor or as pure knowledge assets. Organizational environments change includes changing knowledge and technology, new values, new markets, and changes in the global distribution of wealth. Environmental change is a main cause of organizational failure. As environments change, they pose new problems for managers of organizations. New knowledge, for instance, can invalidate the existing knowledge of an entire hotel industry. When environments become turbulent, complex, and resource constrained, the knowledge and skills that Hilton hotels once possessed can become useless, and even a hindrance to change. Hilton hotels will acquire new knowledge and technology, and employ these assets in production quickly. From a Hilton management standpoint, technology is a major environmental factor that continually threatens existing arrangements. At times, technological changes occur so radically as to constitute a "technological discontinuity," a sharp break in industry practice that either enhances or destroys the competence of firms in an industry. Fast-changing technologies, such as information technology, pose a particular threat to organizations. To ensure customer satisfaction Hilton hotels should implement and develop new strategy based on Web services. It is not a unique and a new form of service (some hotel chains have already used this service, but still it is one of the most beneficial area for attracting a new customers). The idea of web-enabling Hilton hotels is to provide hotel management companies with the tools they need to compete more e effectively and to grow their businesses successfully. With the help of Internet Hilton hotels, known for its patchy supply chain and bungling circulation processes, will have the possibility to improve efficiency, inventory, audit control and to diminish infrastructure and operation costs by web-enabling their business online. Internet will support the hotel industry to be better equipped to handle business desires, paying attention to clients' needs, competitors and

CASE STUDIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CASE STUDIES - Essay Example That is, the gestation period of any travel guides including Lonely Planet is an extended one due the need for extensive homework. Because of which, a somewhat, same kind of information or even a better current version is provided by the website. So, this out-datedness in the travel guide will be the issue for a number of customers who use both Internet and the books. So, the solution to reduce revenue losses or operational frictions is to promote each vehicle as different entities, according to the market’s needs. That is, there are still markets where Internet technology have not improved much, in those places travel guides should be promoted. Then, people while traveling will not be able to access Internet any time, for them the travel guides of Lonely Planet will be feasible and so this segment of markets can be targeted With the advent of Internet and wireless technologies, the scope for Lonely Planet to develop has increased, a lot further. That is, like its joint venture with Nokia, in which Lonely Planet provides city guides on mobile phones, it could provide the city guides along with digitized maps to all telecom providers. That is, if it has a joint venture with telecom companies, it can reach more mobiles. As mobiles have become a lifeless extension of hand, which can be carried anywhere including during travel, Lonely Planet could expand its base. Then for the users of Internet, it can introduce features or products like seeing a virtual image of tourist spots like what Google earth is doing. Also, all the previous issues of Lonely Planet’s Travel guide that were published from 1970’s can be digitized and made available as download able files for a fee, because all the new and young readers cannot access the previous issues in book form. So, with this launch of new products th e customer’s concerns about timeliness and currency of information can be looked after. That is, with the use of

Most dangerous game Essay Example for Free

Most dangerous game Essay In the short story,† The Most Dangerous Game†, by Richard Connell, the author uses irony in the short story to support the theme of the book – the roles of hunter and hunted frequently reversed. In the short story, Rainsford, a big game hunter, believes that he is being persuaded by General Zaroff hunt humans with the general. However, Rainsford realizes the truth – he is going to get hunted by Zaroff, not hunting with him. â€Å"You don’t mean – â€Å"cried Rainsford. †My dear fellow,† said the general, â€Å"have I not told you I always mean what I say about hunting? †(11)is an example of situational irony because the reader didn’t expect Rainsford, the big game hunter, to become hunted . The quote supports the thesis because it shows the quick reversal of the role of hunter and hunted in the short story. This quote shows that the role of hunter and hunted are not set in stone; Rainsford realizes that he is losing a role that he had always assumed he would always have. He is big game – not a big game hunter. However, the fluidity of the roles of hunter and prey also works to Rainsford’s favor. After jumping into the ocean, Rainsford swims to Zaroff’s lair and confronts him in a duel. † I congratulate you,† He [Zaroff] said. †You have won the game. † Rainsford did not smile. †I am still a beast at bay†(15) shows the change in the roles of Zaroff and Rainsford. Rainsford infiltrated into Zaroff’s home and is now getting ready to kill the general, regardless of the fact that the â€Å"game† is over. It is what the reader least expects, thus a piece of situational irony because prey run away and get hunted down and killed by the predator Instead Rainsford becomes the hunter, and now his demands rules supreme. Zaroff was ambushed by Rainsford and is now at his mercy. He is now the prey, and the rules that he made while hunter are irrelevant. This situation was clearly different from page 11, where the general cheerfully informed Rainford that he was going to be hunted down and killed, thus supporting the thesis that the roles of the hunted and the hunter are changed around. This shows that the author used irony to show that the roles of predator and prey are interchangeable.

We Are All Important :: Free Essay Writer

We Are All Important It’s very common for people sometimes to forget how important we all are to society. It seems like all we care about is no one but ourselves. What we do, how much money we earn, our self image, seems more important than anything else. One thing that I’ve learned, and think of it as an important value in life is not to underestimate people. We are all important no matter what we do. Domestics, teachers, and even those people who collect garbage have an important job as any surgeon, architect and lawyer. Just imagine if the garbage man decided to go on a strike, or even if teachers wanted to quit teaching. What would be the outcome of their sudden decision? It’s simply unimaginable to expect such an erratic behavior due to the lack of appreciation to their job. Our lives would be in a tremendous chaos. These days, people tend to forget how much we all really need each other. Think how wonderful it would be if we all knew how to recognize, and appreciate each other more. As Frank A. Clark said: â€Å"Everyone is trying to accomplish something big, not realizing that life is made of little things†. Sometimes the little things that we do can really make a difference in someone’s life. Doctors, nurses, accountants, bankers, these are just titles. Just because a doctor studied over six years, it doesn’t mean that his job is more important than an accountant’s job, or banker’s job. Sometimes the simplest things are the ones that matter the most. The lack of understanding in our society is what keeps us from accomplishing greater things in life. Encouragement is a great tool to help one reach its goals. A career would be considered an accomplishment under the â€Å"American dream†. Everyone has its own purpose in life, goals, and ambitions that makes everyone unique. The tasks that are presented before us may sometimes be thought as insignificant, but our source of encouragement is what helps one deal with it. Wisdom is a virtue that many want and very few possesses it. Our inability to succeed is due to the selfishness that is so lively among us. Negativity sometimes enables people throughout our society to go fourth with their own careers. Maybe it’s just me, but our comments seem to be very powerful towards one’s opinion.

All About Maps Essay

What are maps? Maps are the world reduced to points, lines, and areas, using a variety of visual resources: size, shape, value, texture or pattern, colour, orientation, and shape. A thin line may mean something different from a thick one, and similarly, red lines from blue ones. How do maps represent reality? A photograph shows all objects in its view; a map is an abstraction of reality. The cartographer selects only the information that is essential to fulfil the purpose of the map, and that is suitable for its scale. Maps use symbols such as points, lines, area patterns and colours to convey information. Why are maps important? A map gives a miniature â€Å"picture† of a very large space. A map is a guide to a space you have not encountered before. Maps have distance, mountains, rivers, and shapes of places or destinations. With a map, one does not have to depend on local directions. For a small price, it is a direction finder and a dependable way to take a journey. What are atlases? An atlas is a collection of maps in book form. Atlases are made for different regions and areas, and are prepared for desk use or travel use. A travel atlas is usually packaged for easy use during a trip, often with spiral bindings so it can be folded flat, and with maps at a large zoom so that they can be easily consulted on the go. A desk atlas features sizes and bindings that are typical for reference books: usually a paperback or hardcover format. Lines of latitude These are imaginary lines that circle the world in an east-west direction. They tell you how far north or south a place is from the Equator. They are drawn parallel to the Equator. There are five main lines of latitude. They are the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle. Lines of longitude Longitude is the angular distance, measured in degrees, east and west of the Prime Meridian, which is at 0o. These are imaginary lines that run across the Earth’s surface in a north-south direction, from the North Pole to the South Pole. Legends and symbols Since a map is a reduced representation of the real world, map symbols are used to represent real objects. Without symbols, we wouldn’t have maps. Both shapes and colours can be used for symbols on maps. A small circle may mean a point of interest, with a brown circle meaning recreation, red circle meaning services, and green circle meaning rest stop. Colours may cover larger areas of a map, such as green representing forested land and blue representing waterways. To ensure that a person can correctly read a map, a Map Le

“Auto Wreck”- by Kart Shapiro Essay

In â€Å"Auto Wreck†, as the title insinuates it, is a situation that describes a car accident that takes place in a city, which means, that an ambulance, a hospital, the police, and the crowd are the main actors when death is about to strike. In the development of the poem, Shapiro describes the atmosphere that surrounds a city at night when there is a car accident; Blood all over the streets and gutters, the police covering the situation and the crowd observing the tragic accident, recalling death as enemy. In a very interesting way, Shapiro describes the hurry, horror, and in a certain way, indifference of society towards an â€Å"auto wreck†, idealizing a space were these actors interact with one another creating a hostile atmosphere regarding death. In â€Å"Mid-term break†, the speaker is a boy that is at school in his daily routine, when it is interrupted by the news of his dead brother. The situation takes place in two atmospheres; the kid’s school were he heard the knelling bells that gives a feeling of mortality and his house were all the action takes place; the family’s grief, the funeral, the adults whispering and saying sorry, the ambulance, the four foot box, and the candles. An afternoon of sorrow and pain on a family environment, were death is perpetually present. Yet no one fully understands death. In Shapiro’s poem â€Å"Auto Wreck,† he  illustrates the irrationality of life for it can be taken away at any given time for no rational reason. He uses a car accident to finely detail the reaction of society towards death and the real meaning that it represents to us. During the poem, he describes how a well established system that is made of ambulances, hospitals, police men and viewers, works at its given time to strike death. But despite all the efforts and effectiveness of the system, people themselves are incapable of understanding death and its dualities (cancer that is both a flower that blooms and a tragic disease.) Society is scared and ignorant when it comes to death. Questions such as â€Å"Who shall die?† or â€Å"Who is innocent?† come to mind with no reasonable answer every time we witness a tragic event. For Shapiro, In  death, there exists firmly irrational causes for the loss of life. Death is a strange jungle, whose twisted, complicated and entangled vines represent the causes of it which can not be mapped out mathematically, but can be mapped out by the deranged explorer or the unique creator of that jungle, both of whom are irrational persons themselves. In Mid-term Break, Heaney starts the poem by mentioning the â€Å"bells knelling† that suggests a funeral bell, rather than a bell for school lessons (this fact automatically changes our mood). Since the narrator is a boy, this poem captures his unfolding consciousness of death by recounting the particulars of his experience; being kept in the sick bay until his ride arrived, his father’s crying, the awkward behavior of the old men, the â€Å"poppy bruise† on the corpse’s temple and the end, when he expresses death’s finality: â€Å"A four foot box, a foot for every year.† Makes us think yonger ones are able to understand death better than adults, with a unique calmness he observed and described the situation from a different point of view, the mourning of the people around him never affected him, in a certain way,he was assuming death as he assumes life. Figures of speech Definition Auto Wreck Mid-Term Break Alliteration The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables. † Its quick soft silver bell beating, beating,† A four foot box, a foot for every year† Onomatopoeia The formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. â€Å"Then the bell, breaking the hush, tolls once† Hyperbole A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect. â€Å"The ambulance at top speed floating down† â€Å"And stowed into the little hospital† â€Å"One with a bucket, douches, ponds of blood into the street and the gutter† â€Å"I sat all morning in the college sick bay† Simile A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as. â€Å"Pulsing out red light like an artery,† â€Å"Our throats tight as tourniquets† â€Å"Cancer simple as a flower, blooms† â€Å"He lay in the four foot box as in his cot.† Oxymoron A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined. â€Å"Its quick soft silver† â€Å"Wings in s heavy curve, dips down,† â€Å"And breaks speed, entering the crowd.† â€Å"We speak with sickly smiles† â€Å"The grim joke† † The door leap open, emptying light† â€Å"In hers and coughed out angry tearless sights† â€Å"Snowdrops and candles soothed the beside† â€Å"Wearing a poppy bruise on his left temple† Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. â€Å"And down the dark one ruby flare Pulsing out red light like an artery.† â€Å"One hangs lanterns on the wrecks that cling Emptying husks of locusts, to iron poles.† † A four foot box, a foot for every year† â€Å"Counting bells knelling classes to a close† Rhetorical question A question to which no answer is expected, often used for rhetorical effect. Who shall die? Who is innocent? â€Å"Our throats were tight as tourniquets, Our feet were bound with splints,† In this quote, Shapiro is trying to sketch an image of people in front of a car accident with tourniquets around their necks, supported and confined by splits that restrain the body from moving. this kind of image represents a situation were the crowd were stopped, almost speechless, as they gazed upon the wreckage contemplating the reason behind death. A shocking image by the way. â€Å"And cancer simple as a flower, blooms† By this quote Shapiro is making a comparison of what we understand as life and what we know about death. When a flower blooms, it is clearly full of life, is a stage were life can be seen at is best. And cancer will be the opposite, a stage were death is at is best. The thing is that, visually, both phenomenons are very similar, when the cancerous cells are seen with a microscope, they look like flowers, and they bloom rapidly. The thing is that we are not used to consider cancerous cells beautiful. â€Å"In hers and coughed out angry tearless sighs† This image is quite effective; with the use of textures, Heaney can make you can feel the mother’s anger just by imagining the air around you. â€Å"Snowdrops and candles soothed the bedside† This image Heaney uses two key elements that generate a tranquil and peaceful atmosphere, the snowdrops are soft and quiet, innocent and inoffensive and the candles symbolize the ritual, to make honor and to remember a loved one. Definitely a peaceful image. â€Å"Wearing a poppy bruise on his left temple† The image is pure, the bruise is discrete. A four foot box, a foot for every year† By this quote, the boy is saying that his brother was four years old when he died, the image gives a certain relief, instead of crying for his brother, he uses his mind to analyze mathematically the situation. This image is very effective, it immediately make us feel that death is not chaos. The child’s reaction towards death is completely different from the adult reaction towards it. The boy was describing the situation with a certain indifference of what happened, it seemed like the aura of death was unable to enter to his mind and body. He narrated as he was seated on a grandstand watching how the play developed and how the actor suffer during it According to his behavior, we could conclude that the boy wasn’t hit by death, and in a certain way, he is able to manage it in a right way, determining the rituals and behaviors of adults when death is around, and creating a barrier that separates de morning of the heart from the logic of the brain. And this can be seen at the end of the poem: † A four foot box, a foot for every year† he uses his logic, a math problem, no a heart one.

50 Nautical Terms in General Use

50 Nautical Terms in General Use 50 Nautical Terms in General Use 50 Nautical Terms in General Use By Mark Nichol The vocabulary of sailing has enriched the English language with the development, by analogy, of new senses for nautical terms. Here are fifty such words with their original meanings and their landlubber connotations. 1. Aboard: on a vessel (assisting or in sympathy with) 2. Aboveboard: above the deck (out in the open, honest) 3. Adrift: not tied or secured (acting or living without purpose) 4. Aground: resting on the seafloor on shore (halted by circumstances) 5. Anchor: a heavy object that holds a vessel in place (a person or thing that figuratively keeps another person or thing steady) 6. Awash: water level with or slightly covering the deck (overwhelmed) 7. Bail: to throw out seawater or rainwater that has collected in a vessel (to help, or to abandon) 8. Ballast: stabilizing weights placed in the hull of a vessel (something that steadies or weighs down) 9. Beachcomber: a sailor without a berth or a shipboard assignment (a person living on or near a beach or the shore or one who searches such areas for salvage, or both) 10. Bearing: one’s position (posture or deportment) 11. Becalm: to come to a stop because of a lack of wind (to halt progress) 12. Berth: a sailor’s assignment, or a sailor’s bunk (a position or placement, in a location or in rankings) 13. Bilge: the lowest part of a hull (outdated or useless comments or ideas) 14. Capsize: to overturn (to ruin or interfere) 15. Chart: a navigational map, or to map a course (a display of graphical information, or to set a course) 16. Cockpit: a steering or berthing compartment (the pilot’s compartment in an airplane, or a place for cockfighting or location notorious for violence) 17. Course: the direction a ship is sailing (a procedure or a way of acting) 18. Current: a movement of water (the prevailing mood or tendency) 19. Heading: the direction a ship is sailing (one’s course) 20. Headway: progress or rate of progress in sailing (progress in general) 21. Helm: steering apparatus, or to operate such equipment (a position of leadership, or to lead) 22. Jury rig: to rig makeshift equipment (to make a quick fix using available materials) 23. Keel: the backbone of a vessel, running along the center of the hull (balance, as when someone is on an even keel) 24. Keelhaul: to drag a sailor underneath the ship along the hull as punishment (to punish severely) 25. Leeway: sideways movement of a vessel because of current or wind (flexibility) 26. Log: originally, a length of wood attached to a line and tossed overboard to measure speed, then a device with the same function; also, a record of operation (an accounting of any activity or progress) 27. Lookout: a sailor standing watch (someone keeping watch, or the position from which the person does so) 28. Manhole: an opening in to a compartment (a hole providing access underground or into a structure) 29. Mooring: securing with anchors or lines, or a place where mooring occurs (a stabilizing influence) 30. Navigation: the operation of a vessel (direction for traveling or movement through a virtual area, as on a website) 31. Overhaul: to ready equipment for use (to rebuild or repair) 32. Pilot: a steersman, or to steer a vessel (an operator of an aircraft or spacecraft, or to operate such a craft or to direct an operation or procedure, or a business or organization) 33. Quarantine: temporary sequestration of a vessel because of the possibility of spreading disease, or the location of the sequestration (enforced isolation, especially because of contagion, or the place of isolation) 34. Quarters: assigned living areas or workstations on a vessel, or an assembly of all crew members (lodging) 35. Rudder: an immersed blade of wood, metal, or plastic attached to a vessel and turned remotely to change its direction (a guiding force) 36. Salvage: to rescue or save a ship and/or its cargo, or the compensation for doing so; also, the property salvaged (saving something from being destroyed or discarded, or what is saved) 37. Scuttle: to sink a vessel by cutting a hole in the hull (to ruin something by abandonment or sabotage) 38. Scuttlebutt: a cask for holding drinking water and, by extension, the idle talk exchanged while drinking from it (gossip) 39. Seaworthy: in condition to be operated (solid or valid) 40. Ship: to send cargo or passengers by sea (to transport or distribute) 41. Shorthanded: lacking enough crew members (not having enough people to perform a task) 42. Sounding: a measurement of the depth of water (seeking an opinion or a statement of intention) 43. Stow: to put away and, by extension, to keep one’s opinion to oneself (to arrange, load, or store) 44. Swamped: submerged (overwhelmed) 45. Tack: to change a vessel’s direction, or the new direction (to shift one’s viewpoint, as in â€Å"take a new tack†) 46. Tide: the change of surface level of a body of water because of gravitational fluctuations (a fluctuating or rising phenomenon) 47. Under way: in motion (in progress) 48. Wake: the visible track of a vessel through water (aftermath) 49. Waterlogged: filled or soaked with water but afloat (full of or saturated with water) 50. Watertight: capable of preventing water from entering (solid, flawless) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†January 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

A CRITIQUE OF THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS essays

A CRITIQUE OF THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS essays Samuel P. Huntingtons article The Clash Of Civilizations was a rare foresight in the time it was written. One must agree that his analytical skills have proven him mostly right, up to this point. Even though his warnings on this clash of civilizations has not been taken into account by the western especially the most dominant of them the USA powers and have deepened hatred among the different values (and even managed to create a barrier among the so called same values as well). The conflicts listed in 1993 are thus almost all relevant. The article supports its thesis that the new world order of a dominant western value will end up against the rest of the world for many reasons; He names six. To begin with Civilizations are differentiated from each other by history, language, culture, tradition, and religion. In fact that is true and it has been that way for centuries. He goes on to say that the world is becoming a smaller place thus the interactions are more frequent and exposed mostly by the wealthy; the west. Everywhere one goes today around the world he/she is faced with western and more precisely American influence. Thus, spreading and exposing younger generations with these popular values. It also brings the reality of other cultures closer to the west through those who choose it to over their own country. As it is the case with Frances Muslims and Germanys Turks. Civilizations mix and point toward a universal diversity maybe that is why it is a probl em for the author that in fact Jose CAN see! There are weak points listed by Huntington; the process of economic modernization and social change throughout the world are separating people from longstanding local identities and the growth of civilization-consciousness is enhanced by the dual role of the West. He is writing this at a time where the collapse of the Soviet Union and its ideology &ndash...

Deductive arguments, and nondeductive arguments and deductive argument Essay

Deductive arguments, and nondeductive arguments and deductive argument persuading us to a conclusion, and a theory explaining wh - Essay Example Both males and females have been steeped in new consumer standards, shifted via cradle to grave marketing, and they have the propensity for commodifying themselves and other to a greater degree than preceding generations. Consumer standards such as the American obsession with celebrity beauty translate into acceptable objectification for both women and men. Arguably, this new American consumer culture has cultivated an astonishing trend that is motivating this movement of established objectification. Harris’ misguided supposition that reproducing beauty children gives them an advantage in society is plain objectification of beauty. In the American culture, women are progressively depicted as pure objects and the indirect issue, the patron, is characteristically male. And objectification of beauty in the American popular culture has become a part of everyday lingo (Berger 34). Harris’ projection that reproducing beautiful children will give them an advantage in the socie t

Self Compacting Concrete Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self Compacting Concrete - Essay Example It was first developed in Japan in 1988 as a result of research on durability of concrete structures. Since then, research on SCC has progressed to a large extent, leading to its increased applicability in the construction industry. ‘Necessity is the mother of invention’, goes the adage. Such is the story of Self-Compacting Concrete, whose invention materialized out of an urgent need. Increasing the durability of concrete structures was Japan’s major concern in the 1980s (Okamura & Ouchi, 2003). Compaction of concrete has to be performed by skilled workers to ensure durability of the concrete structures, but Japan faced a severe shortage of skilled workers in its construction industry. Therefore, the development of self-compacting concrete that could fill every space of the formwork by virtue of its own weight without the need of mechanical vibration seemed a very promising alternative. This would also eliminate noise sensitivity, white finger syndrome and other environmental and biological inconveniences that resulted from the vibrations on site (De Schutter, 2007). The concept of SCC was first proposed in 1986 by Okamura, and Ozawa & Maekawa carried out fundamental studies on SCC at the Un iversity of Tokyo (Okamura & Ouchi). The first prototype of SCC was created in 1988 using material that already existed on the market and this prototype showed satisfactory performance in drying and hardening shrinkage, density after hardening, and heat of hydration (Okamura & Ouchi, 2003). This concrete was termed ‘high-performance concrete’, which was later changed to ‘self-compacting high performance concrete’ due to the existence of durable concretes that used the same term for reference. The newly developed SCC was self-compactable (at the fresh stage), avoided initial defects (at the early age), and protected from external factors (after the hardening) (Okamura & Ouchi). After the creation of the first prototype, major contractors developed

SSL Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SSL Security - Essay Example SSL implementations provide various secret and public key encryption algorithms. The secret algorithm keys employ key lengths spanning from 40 to 168 bits. Most SSL software is limited to 521 bit RSA keys and 40 bit secret keys given export restrictions (Bossley). Brute force searches are a technique that exhaustively tries out possible keys until an appropriate one is found. In a bid to identify an appropriate key, it is required that one be in possession of a plaintext and the corresponding ciphertext (Eugene, 2). Advancements in technology resulting in enhanced computing performance have increasingly made practical exhaustive key searches against keys that are of fixed length. The dictionary attack is the most effective type of known plaintext attacks especially when a reduced number of crypto keys are used. Attackers thereby develop a dictionary comprising all possible encryptions of known plaintext messages such as the Get command. On receiving the encrypted message, the dictionary looks it up. An attack occurs when the ciphertext matches a particular entry in the dictionary that was previously encrypted using an identical secret key (Giacomo 1). SSL prevents dictionary attacks by using the 128 bit keys wherein 40 bits are kept secret while the rest are derived from the data revealed in hello messages. The combination of both the 40 bit secret key and the 88 bit known key results in an encryption that employs all 128 bits. This renders dictionary attacks impossible given that they also should have differentiated entries in order to realize all 128 bit keys. SSL prevents replay attacks during handshaking protocols through the use of a 128bit nonce which is unique to a given connection. The nonce is unpredictable in advance given that it is based on events that are also unpredictable (Bossley). The attacker gathers messages earlier transmitted and replays them in a bid to repeat interesting transactions such as the transfer of money. In this

Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia Essay Example for Free

Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia Essay It is commonly accepted that the research of the great historian of Jewish mysticism, Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia, opened the doors of the academy to Qabbalah. Far from us the intention of dulling the luster of his prodigious contribution in this respect, but it is a fact that at the time the young Berlin student set about writing his first essays, the critical study of the Qabbalah had already made great strides. Moreover, its trail had been partly blazed by Jew scholars who can claim to have played quite a considerable role, particularly in connection with the central problem of the Zohar, in forming the point of departure of the modem study of this discipline. Indeed, so distinguished by characteristic traits and original solutions is their contribution that it would not be an exaggeration to speak of a Jew school of Qabbalistic studies. Is it not highly significant that the central piece of Qabbalistic literaturethe Zoharwas twice translated on Jew soil, first into Latin by G. Postel in the sixteenth century and subsequently into Jewthe first into any modem languageby the mysterious Jean de Pauly at the beginning of this century? Fostered by a congenial intellectual atmosphere peculiar to the Jew, the study of Jewish esotericism got off to a precocious start in France in comparison to other European countries. The attainments of the humanists and evangelists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries paved the way for the mystical philosophers and Martinists of the eighteenth century, who in turn ushered in the occultists of the nineteenth century. (Sassmitz, 1990) The present essay is an attempt to Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia who was a Jewish Sage in the years of his life, his character, and what he believed in and why he believed. Let it be made quite clear at the outset that our concern relates to the historical-critical study of the question and consequently deals all but incidentally with what A. E. Waite calls Kabbalism. Hence the theosophers and mystagogues of all shapes, from Eliphas Levi to A. Grad, not forgetting Papus and C. Suares, will only be of secondary interest to our theme. Though in many respects deserving of attention, their literary activity will be taken into account only insofar as it had real repercussions on the development of the Qabbalah as an academic discipline. That the theosophists and occultists did indeed exert such an influence is undeniable, even if it is solely through the efforts deployed by the scholars to dissipate the veil of confusion with which the former had enshrouded the whole question. In Jews two periods can be distinguished in the development of this field: on the one hand, an historical phase, preoccupied with the question of the antiquity of the Zohar, followed, on the other, by a bibliographical and doctrinal phase. The work of Adolphe Franck (1809-1893) marks the beginning of the first of these two periods, whereas the second was initiated, a century later, by the research of Georges Vajda (1907-1981). The latter, already under the sway of the impulse given to Qabbalistic studies by Abulafia, worked in harmony with both the school of Jerusalem and Alexander Altmann, of Manchester and later of Brandeis University. But these two tendencies also possess their pre-history, and it is first necessary to describe the framework within which each of these two schools evolved. At the outset of its diffusion in Europe, the Qabbalah was submitted to censure. One could almost claim that from the chronological point of view it is on Jew soil that the critical study of the Qabbalah was born. Indeed, it is in thirteenth-century Provence that the first critical appreciation of the Qabbalah was written by R. Meir ben Sim on of Narbonne (active 1250), who, in his Milhemet miswah, vituperates against the polytheistic implications of the sefirotic doctrine. (Sassmitz, 1990) But no real analytic debate got underway until the awakening of Christian interest in the Cabale in Renaissance times. Whereas the Platonists believed the secret doctrine of Israel was meant to conceal the primordial revelation common to all religions, for the Christian esotericists it prefigured the mystery of the Trinitarian doctrine, the very foundation of Christianity. In the Qabbalists they perceived the forerunners of the Christians and in Qabbalah, a secret justification of the evangelization of the Jews. In tenth-century France, the study of the Cabale occupied a place of honor amongst Christian intellectuals. Mention must above all be made of the orientalist and philosopher Guillaume Postel (1510-1581), to whom we owe the first Latin translation both of the Sefer yesirah (Paris, 1552) and of the Zohar (unpublished) prior even to the appearance of their printed texts. (Sassmitz, 1990) However, the evangelizing zeal of his compatriots and their theological prejudices hampered any critical perspectives in relation to the study of the Jewish esoteric tradition. Towards the end of the seventeenth century, opinions became increasingly diversified. The Qabbalah was thought to have in fact taught an elementary form of Spinozism and pantheism, and the Qabbalists were considered atheists unaware of their own irreligion. Of the scholars of this period, the academician Louis Jouard de la Nauze (1696-1773), defender of Newtons chronological system, stands out as an exceptional figure. Whereas his contemporaries ingeniously endeavored to demonstrate the Qabbalahs christological affinities, De la Nauze upheld in his historic article, Remarques sur lantiquite et lorigine de la Cabale, that the foundations of the Cabale [were] layed by the Saracens at the time the Jews lived in the Orient under their domination. The Saracens were Cabalists, and so were the Jews. (Sassmitz, 1990) At the beginning of the nineteenth century with the blossoming of the history of ideas, though the critical study of Qabbalah progressed, it nonetheless remained profoundly tainted by the spirit of the Renaissance. Depending on which scholar one was reading, the Qabbalah could become anything but Judaism. For Ferdinand Bauer it was an offshoot of Christian gnosis, while J. Kleuker assigned it a Persian origin and Augustus Tholuck pinpointed the preponderant influence of Sufism. (Sassmitz, 1990) A new era in the study of the Jewish mystical tradition was ushered in by the critical investigation of Judaism advocated by the Jewish intellectuals of Central Europe, partisans of the Haskalah. Though in addition to a solid rabbinical and general culture, these masters were possessed of scientific methods, they often exhibited an irrepressible repugnance towards Qabbalah. With few exceptions, the great scholars, such as L. Zunz, S. D. Luzzato, A. Geiger, H. Graetz, and M. Steinschneider, considered it an alien thorn in the side of the Synagogue, incompatible with the conceptions of the progressive rationalism they were striving to attribute to the genius of Israel. In the era of Aufklarung and the struggle for Jewish emancipation, it was imperative to represent the Synagogue as the standard-bearer of regeneracy and rationality in order to be accepted into modern society. The parsimony of references to Qabbalah in Julius Gutmanns Philosophie des Judentums, published in 1933, still reflects this contempt. For similar reasons, the contribution of German scholarship to this field, despite its abundance, was relatively thin and narrow in substance and incapable of casting off the tethers of tendentiousness. These scholars were principally concerned with minimalizing the importance of Qabbalistic influence on Jewish culture and with demonstrating the late composition of the Zohar in order to loosen the grip of its authority and domination, upheld in Europe by the hasidic camp, considered retrograde. The scientific paradigms elaborated by the Wissenschaft des Judentums served as an epistemological framework upon which the Jew science dejudaisme was to build. The first major Jew work specifically devoted to a detailed study of the Qabbalah, though not a direct offspring of the Wissenschaft, nonetheless partook of this current of investigation. La Kabbale ou la philosophie religieuse des hebreux, by Adolphe Franck, published in Paris in 1843, is a milestone in the annals of Qabbalistic research. Assuredly, it contributed more to the modern study of Qabbalah than any other single work prior to the labors of Abulafia. In addition to the fact of its having been based on philological, historical, and conceptual criteria, the originality of this book resided in the obvious empathy that the author displayed for his subject. Indeed, in contrast to many maskilim, Franck considered the Qabbalah to be an authentic Jewish phenomenon of major spiritual importance; hence he affirms: It is impossible to consider the Kabbalah as an isolated fact, as an accident in Judaism; on the contrary it is its very life and heart.

Mediocrity of Teacher Recruitment Essay -- Teachers Education Employme

Mediocrity of Teacher Recruitment Some teachers are better than others. This is a simple and, I hope, obvious fact. But the culture of American schools is not friendly to it. Particularly in our hiring of public school teachers, we tend to avoid notions of serious discernment, of picking the very best in our society to become our teachers, and we accept that the most talented of our young people will gravitate to other fields. Overcoming this acceptance of mediocrity in teacher recruitment and retention represents the greatest opportunity to bring a quantum improvement to our schools. To focus on the elite among new teaching recruits as a matter of method is, in fact, the radically democratic way to give our society's most valuable resources to our poorest and neediest children. That simple fact should trump any concerns about the ill effects of meritocracy on job applicants. The work of educators is to educate young people. So long as we have the courage to make the very best possible experience for those young people our highest goal, we must attend to fairness for teachers only after we have attended to excellence for our students. And we have yet to do that right. Today, the best teachers in many schools are in a way the dissidents, the people who stand out, who attract criticism as well as praise for being remarkable educators, and they resist a strong pull toward mediocrity in the professional culture of too many schools. We must recognize that this is a problem, and we must fix it. The solution is not difficult to imagine. New teachers must come to know that there is an early-career, merit-based threshold to cross, similar to what doctors, lawyers, and many business professionals face in their first few years of professional work. If we can make this a reality, the most talented and most effective among them will be able to earn their place in a truly elite, dedicated corps of teachers. We will keep the very best of the new teacher recruits, and we'll attract large numbers of people in other professions who today don't sign on to become teachers because they believe that American schools haven't fostered a culture of achievement and haven't been able to make the profession of teacher as respected or respectable as many other professions. In many school systems today, new teachers are, officially, on some kind of probation for a period... ...s job security. A district that wants to fire a tenured teacher must typically undergo a lengthy process of hearings and appeals. One purpose of tenure laws is to protect teachers from being dismissed because of political or personal views. Opponents, however, argue that tenure makes it difficult for districts to fire unqualified teachers. On a similar front, several studies are also now being conducted to examine ways to dramatically overhaul the entire teacher-compensation system--not just change a bit of it here or there. Undeniably, much remains to be done. A major report issued in September by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future offered a scathing indictment of current practices, including inadequate teacher education, bureaucratic hiring procedures, and the placement of unqualified teachers in classrooms. The report set the price tag for remedying these problems within a decade at nearly $5 billion a year in new federal, state, and local money which should be spent on upgrading teacher education, subsidizing people to teach in high-need fields and locations, reforming the licensing and induction process, and better professional development.

Essay Paper

Canadian Identity: A Rhetorical Analysis Essay In this essay, the articles ‘Listen to the north’ by John Ralston Saul and ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? ’ by J. R. Miller will be analyzed, specifically looking at each authors argument and his appeal to ethos, logos and pathos. In the first article, ‘Listen to the North’, author John Ralston Saul argues that current Canadian policy when it comes to our north, and the people that reside there, is out of date and based on southern ideals that hold little bearing on the realities that face northern populations.He suggests instead that the policies and regulations should be shaped by people who know the territory and it’s needs, namely people who live there. In the second article, ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? , Author Jim Miller discuses conventions in recording native history, focusing on an area he refers to as native-newcomer histo ry. He discusses topics such as who should be recording said history, and for whom it should be intended, as evidence in the title.Both of these articles provide arguments that appeal to ethos, logos and pathos, but it is my opinion that John Ralston Saul makes a more convincing argument to his audience in ‘Listen to the north’ than Jim Miller makes in ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? ’. The First appeal that John Ralston Saul makes is to ethos, and while credentials such as being the president of PEN International, various awards and being a well respected professional in his field all give credit to his name, he also shows that he has first hand knowledge in the specific topic he is covering.He does this through the use of a personal anecdote about his experience in the north, as well as mentioning the several times he has travelled to the north in his later career. Considering Saul’s audience, namely readers interested in r eform of policies and practices in the north, I believe that this makes a stronger argument than Jim Miller does in his article.This would be due to the fact that Miller does not provide any indication as to his experience in the field on which he is writing, and though he dose have impressive credentials himself, including a doctorate, being a professor at the University of Saskatchewan, and having a Canadian research chair position, the lack of said mention would provide a weaker argument to his audience, consisting of people interested in or researching about methods of recording native history.The next convincing argument that John Ralston Saul makes is his appeal to logos, it makes logical sense that a person who lives and works in the north would know best what is needed for northern people. This means his argument that northern people should be instrumental in creating northern policy makes a strong logical point, and a strong argument to his audience, who will most likely be able to see the logic in this. One example he uses is the current state of military presence in the north, the rangers.He talks about the uniform given to these men and women, which consists of a hooded sweatshirt and a baseball cap. John Ralston Saul states that â€Å"You can't wear this outfit outside ten months of the year† (4), and it would make logical sense that a person who lives in the north would not choose such an outfit, as it would be too ineffective in day to day use. Miller also uses logos in his argument when he discuses the fact that native-newcomer history should be reported by both native and non-native historians.Again, this appeals to the logical side of his readers, who would be able to follow the train of thought stating that if a history involves two separate groups of people, then both sides of said history should be examined, and doing such will give you a much more complete picture of events. Where is argument falls short in contrast to ‘Liste n to the North’ is the fact that though Miller makes the logical point of the recording of said history should be shared, he does not go on to provide as strong examples to his point, where Saul does.The last appeal that was made in ‘Listen to the north’ was the appeal to pathos. The author shares a sense of how ridiculous it is that northern peoples have less of an influential role in planning policy and regulation in the north. Using the example of the snowmobiles that rangers have to urinate on to get started in the cold north, Saul portrays a sense of the almost comical nature of having persons who live far away from the real life issues and hardships form policies. The reader then feels the same way the author does, which defiantly advances his argument.Miller also makes his appeal to pathos in ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? ’, but again, I believe that it is a less effective argument, and appeals less to the emotions o f his audience. Millers argument is more based off a feeling of ownership he tries to create in his audience, the native-newcomer history belongs to both parties, not one exclusively, this creates a feeling of entitlement, as well as a feeling of being included. At the end of the article, Miller states â€Å"Which ‘Native' history? Native-newcomer history. By whom?Any and all students who are qualified and willing to carry out its methods. For whom? All Canadians† (35). I think that this is less effective then the feeling portrayed by Saul, one of ridiculousness of the current state of affairs, since persons would more likely agree with him if they also believe the current policy is foolish, as to not look foolish themselves. While both articles make strong points using the argumentative techniques of ethos, logos and pathos, it is still my opinion that John Ralston Saul makes a stronger argument in ‘listen to the north’ than Jim Miller does in ‘Which ‘Native’ History?By Whom? For Whom? ’. Saul’s use of personal connection to the topic, a stronger logical standpoint, and a more effective use of his readers emotions means that he by far has a stronger argument than his counterpart J. R. Miller. Works Cited: Miller, Jim. â€Å"Which ‘Native' History? By Whom? For Whom. †Ã‚  Canadian Issues. Fall 2008 33-35. Saul, John Ralston. â€Å"Listen to the North. †Ã‚  Literary Review of Canada. 17. 8 (2009): 3-5. Essay Paper Canadian Identity: A Rhetorical Analysis Essay In this essay, the articles ‘Listen to the north’ by John Ralston Saul and ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? ’ by J. R. Miller will be analyzed, specifically looking at each authors argument and his appeal to ethos, logos and pathos. In the first article, ‘Listen to the North’, author John Ralston Saul argues that current Canadian policy when it comes to our north, and the people that reside there, is out of date and based on southern ideals that hold little bearing on the realities that face northern populations.He suggests instead that the policies and regulations should be shaped by people who know the territory and it’s needs, namely people who live there. In the second article, ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? , Author Jim Miller discuses conventions in recording native history, focusing on an area he refers to as native-newcomer histo ry. He discusses topics such as who should be recording said history, and for whom it should be intended, as evidence in the title.Both of these articles provide arguments that appeal to ethos, logos and pathos, but it is my opinion that John Ralston Saul makes a more convincing argument to his audience in ‘Listen to the north’ than Jim Miller makes in ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? ’. The First appeal that John Ralston Saul makes is to ethos, and while credentials such as being the president of PEN International, various awards and being a well respected professional in his field all give credit to his name, he also shows that he has first hand knowledge in the specific topic he is covering.He does this through the use of a personal anecdote about his experience in the north, as well as mentioning the several times he has travelled to the north in his later career. Considering Saul’s audience, namely readers interested in r eform of policies and practices in the north, I believe that this makes a stronger argument than Jim Miller does in his article.This would be due to the fact that Miller does not provide any indication as to his experience in the field on which he is writing, and though he dose have impressive credentials himself, including a doctorate, being a professor at the University of Saskatchewan, and having a Canadian research chair position, the lack of said mention would provide a weaker argument to his audience, consisting of people interested in or researching about methods of recording native history.The next convincing argument that John Ralston Saul makes is his appeal to logos, it makes logical sense that a person who lives and works in the north would know best what is needed for northern people. This means his argument that northern people should be instrumental in creating northern policy makes a strong logical point, and a strong argument to his audience, who will most likely be able to see the logic in this. One example he uses is the current state of military presence in the north, the rangers.He talks about the uniform given to these men and women, which consists of a hooded sweatshirt and a baseball cap. John Ralston Saul states that â€Å"You can't wear this outfit outside ten months of the year† (4), and it would make logical sense that a person who lives in the north would not choose such an outfit, as it would be too ineffective in day to day use. Miller also uses logos in his argument when he discuses the fact that native-newcomer history should be reported by both native and non-native historians.Again, this appeals to the logical side of his readers, who would be able to follow the train of thought stating that if a history involves two separate groups of people, then both sides of said history should be examined, and doing such will give you a much more complete picture of events. Where is argument falls short in contrast to ‘Liste n to the North’ is the fact that though Miller makes the logical point of the recording of said history should be shared, he does not go on to provide as strong examples to his point, where Saul does.The last appeal that was made in ‘Listen to the north’ was the appeal to pathos. The author shares a sense of how ridiculous it is that northern peoples have less of an influential role in planning policy and regulation in the north. Using the example of the snowmobiles that rangers have to urinate on to get started in the cold north, Saul portrays a sense of the almost comical nature of having persons who live far away from the real life issues and hardships form policies. The reader then feels the same way the author does, which defiantly advances his argument.Miller also makes his appeal to pathos in ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom? ’, but again, I believe that it is a less effective argument, and appeals less to the emotions o f his audience. Millers argument is more based off a feeling of ownership he tries to create in his audience, the native-newcomer history belongs to both parties, not one exclusively, this creates a feeling of entitlement, as well as a feeling of being included. At the end of the article, Miller states â€Å"Which ‘Native' history? Native-newcomer history. By whom?Any and all students who are qualified and willing to carry out its methods. For whom? All Canadians† (35). I think that this is less effective then the feeling portrayed by Saul, one of ridiculousness of the current state of affairs, since persons would more likely agree with him if they also believe the current policy is foolish, as to not look foolish themselves. While both articles make strong points using the argumentative techniques of ethos, logos and pathos, it is still my opinion that John Ralston Saul makes a stronger argument in ‘listen to the north’ than Jim Miller does in ‘Which ‘Native’ History?By Whom? For Whom? ’. Saul’s use of personal connection to the topic, a stronger logical standpoint, and a more effective use of his readers emotions means that he by far has a stronger argument than his counterpart J. R. Miller. Works Cited: Miller, Jim. â€Å"Which ‘Native' History? By Whom? For Whom. †Ã‚  Canadian Issues. Fall 2008 33-35. Saul, John Ralston. â€Å"Listen to the North. †Ã‚  Literary Review of Canada. 17. 8 (2009): 3-5.